Einfluss einer GnRH-Vakzine (Improvac^®) auf Gewichtszunahmen und Schlachtkörperqualität von Ebern

Zusammenfassung

Gegenstand und Ziel: Vergleich von Wirkung und Einfluss der GnRH-Vakzine Improvac^® (Pfizer GmbH, Berlin) mit der chirurgischen Kastration bei männlichen Mastschweinen. Material und Methoden: Tiere der Gruppe K (n = 205) wurden in der 1. Lebenswoche (LW) chirurgisch kastriert, Schweine der Gruppe V (n = 191) in der 12. und 18. LW mit Improvac^® vakziniert (2 ml subkutan). In der 1., 4., 12., 18. und 22. LW wurden alle Tiere gewogen. Bei 171 Schweinen der Gruppe V erfolgte in der 18. und 20. LW eine Messung der Hodengröße. Nach der Schlachtung wurden Schlachtkörpergewicht und weitere Schlachtparameter erhoben und mit Halsmuskelstücken aller Tiere Koch- und Bratproben durchgeführt. Ergebnisse: In der 22. LW differierte das Durchschnittsgewicht der Schweine beider Versuchsgruppen nicht signifikant (K = 89,4 kg; V = 88,6 kg), doch ergaben sich in Gruppe V im Mittel niedrigere Schlachtkörpergewichte sowie Muskel- und Speckdicken. Die mittleren Tageszunahmen (TGZ) in Gruppe V waren ab der 18. LW im Vergleich zur Gruppe K signifikant höher (V = 1121 g; K = 1007 g; p < 0,001), nicht jedoch im Zeitraum zwischen 12. und 18. LW (K = 740 g; V = 668 g; p < 0,001). Die Hoden der vakzinierten Tiere verkleinerten sich nach der zweiten Injektion signifikant. Koch- und Bratprobe von Muskelstücken aller Tiere waren negativ. Schlussfolgerung: Gegen Ebergeruch geimpfte Schweine zeigten vor der zweiten Impfung niedrigere TGZ als die chirurgisch kastrierten, glichen den Gewichtsunterschied jedoch nach der zweiten Impfung aus. Die Verkleinerung der Hoden nach der Vakzination kann als Impferfolg gewertet werden. Nach Applikation von Improvac^® wurde an den Schlachtkörpern keine Geruchsabweichung festgestellt. Klinische Relevanz: Die Vakzination verhindert ebenso wie die chirurgische Kastration das Auftreten von Ebergeruch zuverlässig. Der nach der zweiten Impfung beobachtete Anstieg der TGZ lässt sich bei entsprechendem Management nutzen.

Summary

Objective: The effects of vaccination against gonadotropin releasing factor (GnRF) with Improvac^® (Pfizer Animal Health) were compared with surgical castration in fattening pigs. Material and methods: A total of 205 pigs were surgically castrated (group K) and 191 were vaccinated twice (group V) using the boar taint vaccine (Improvac^®, 2 ml s. c.). The first dose was administered at the age of 12 weeks when the animals were moved into the fattening unit and the second dose in week 18, 4–6 weeks before the planned slaughter date. Live weights were re corded in weeks 1, 4, 12, 18, and 22. In weeks 18 and 20, length and width of the testicles of 171 animals of group V were measured. After slaughtering cold carcass weight, back fat depth, muscle thickness, percent lean meat, and fat and muscle areas of the carcasses were determined. A piece of the neck muscle from each pig was used to conduct a cooking and melting sensory test. Results: While no significant weight difference was evident in week 22 (K = 89.4 kg; V = 88.6 kg), cold carcass weight, and back fat and muscle thickness were lower for vaccinates. Vaccinates had higher average daily weight gains (ADW) after the second injection from week 18 up to the cut-off weighing in week 22 (V = 1121 g; K = 1007 g; p < 0.001) in contrast to average daily weight gains between weeks 12 and 18 (K = 740 g; V = 668 g; p < 0.001). After the second injection, testicle size of vaccinated pigs decreased significantly. All animals were negative for boar taint by both cooking and melting tests. Conclusion: Boars vaccinated against boar taint had lower ADW before the second vaccination, but compensated the weight difference after complete vaccination. The significant reduction in the testicle size after the second injection indicates a vaccination success. After vaccination no boar taint was detected in carcasses. Clinical relevance: Vaccination as well as surgical castration reliably prevents the incidence of boar taint. The late rise in daily gain can be beneficial if management is aligned.

Schlüsselwörter

Impfung gegen Ebergeruch - Tageszunahmen - Androstenon - Schlachtkörperqualität - Eber

Key words

Vaccination against boar taint - Improvac^® - average daily weight gain - androstenon - carcass quality - boar taint

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